A Validity Study of Malay-translated Version of the Modified Caregivers Strain Index Questionnaire (M-CSI-M)
Abstract
The diversity of the population of the world suggests a great need for validated cross-cultural survey instruments or scales. Health care professionals should have access to reliable sources and valid concepts of interest in their own cultures and languages to provide quality patient care. Therefore, the aims of this study were to translate the Modified Caregiver Strain Index (M-CSI) in the national language of Malaysia. Also to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Malay-translated version of Modified Caregiver Strain Index (M-CSI-M). Instrument was translated forward and rearward through the translation strategy, reconciled by a panel, and verified by the Malaysian Institute of Translation & books as experts of content. After methodological approaches for the translation, adaptation and transcultural validation of Modified Caregiver Strain Index (M-CSI). The latest version of Malaysia was administered to 50 informal care providers of dependent elderly with the Parkinson's disease, at the Association of Parkinson Malaysia (MPDA) and University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre in May 2017. The Malaysians Modified Caregiver Strain Index (M-CSIM) has good face validity and content, as well as inner consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.75). In conclusion, the M-CSI-M is a reliable tool for the evaluation of caregiving strain levels experienced by informal care providers in Malaysia. M-CSI-M is recommended as a brief and valid measurement that can be used by doctors, counselors, social workers and psychologists to locate the caregiving strain levels of the informal care providers of dependent elderly in Malaysia
Downloads
Article Analytics Summary
References
Bautista MT, Yu-Maglonzo EI (2007). Modified Caregiver Strain Index. The Filipino Family Physician, 45(1):1–7.
Beck, C. T., Bernal, H. & Froman, R. D. (2003) Methods to document semantic equivalence of a translated scale. Research in Nursing and Health, 26 (1), 64–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.10066
Bonnie Teschendorf, Carolyn Schwartz, Carol Estwing Ferrans , Ann O'Mara , Paul Novotny , Jeff Sloan (2007). Caregiver Role Stress: When Families Become Providers. Cancer Control 14 (2), 183-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107327480701400212
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-culture research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written materials. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Methodology. (pp. 89–102). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Burns N, Grove S (2005). The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique, and Utilization. Elsevier and Saunders.
Chen ML, Hu LC. (2002).The generalizability of Caregiver Strain Index in family caregivers of cancer patients. International Journal of Nursing Studies; 39: 823-829. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(02)00021-4
Deeken JF, Taylor KL, Mangan P, Yabroff R, Ingham JM (2003). Care for the caregivers: A review of self-report instruments developed to measure the burden, needs, and quality of life of informal caregivers. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management; 26: 922-953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-3924(03)00327-0
Department of Information, Ministry of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia. 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2016. Retrieved June 2017.
Department of Statistics, Malaysia (2016). Retrieved: 16 May 2017. https://www.dosm.gov.my
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2014) Statistical Releases, [Online], Available: http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option. [accessed 01Jun 2017].
Deva, P. M. (2004). Malaysia mental health country profile. International Review of Psychiatry, 16, 167-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540260310001635203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260310001635203
Freedman, V.A., L.G. Martin, and R.F. Schoeni, (2002). Recent trends in disability and functioning among older adults in the United States: a systematic review. JAMA, 288(24): p. 3137-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.24.3137
Green, S.B. (1991) How Many Subjects Does It Take to Do a Regression Analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26, 499-510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2603_7
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Hansen.L, Archbold P.G., & Stewart B.J, (2004). Role strain and case in decision-making to withdraw oe withhold life support for elderly relatives. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 36, 233-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04043.x
Hilton, A. & Skrutkowski, M. (2002) Translating instruments into other languages: development and testing processes. Cancer Nursing, 25 (1), 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002820-200202000-00001
IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, New York: IBM Corp.
Jones, E. G. & Kay, M. (1992) Instrumentation in cross-cultural research. Nursing Research, 41 (3), 186–188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199205000-00012
Jones, P. S., Lee, J. W., Phillips, L. R., Zhang, X. E. & Jaceldo, K. B. (2001) An adaptation of Brislin’s translation model for cross-cultural research. Nursing Research, 50 (5), 300–304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200109000-00008
Kline, p. (2000). The handbook of psychological testing (2nd.ed.) pp.13. London:Routledge.
McDermott, M. A., & Palchanes, K. (1994). A literature review of critical elements in translation theory. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 26(2), 113–117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1994.tb00928.x
Megan Thornton, Shirley S. Travis (2003). Analysis of the Reliability of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci; 58 (2): S127-S132. doi: 10.1093/geronb/58.2.S127. Cited from Oxford University Press (2017).
Othman Z, Wong ST. (2014). Validation of Malay Caregiver Strain Index. Eastern Journal of Medicine, 19: 102-104. Retrieved from: https://www.journalagent.com/ejm/pdfs/EJM_19_2_102_104.pdf
Panganiban-Corales, A. T., & Medina, M. F. (2011). Family resources study: part 1: family resources, family function and caregiver strain in childhood cancer. Asia Pacific Family Medicine, 10(1), 14. http://doi.org/10.1186/1447-056X-10-14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1447-056X-10-14
Post M, Festen H, van de Port I, Visser-Meily A (2007). Reproducibility of the Caregiver Strain Index and Caregiver Reaction Assessment in partners of stroke patients living in the Dutch community. Clinical Rehabilitation; 21:1050-1055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215507079140
Robinson, B.C. (1983). Validation of a Caregiver Strain Index. Journal of Gerontology, 38(3), 344-348. (Betsy C. Robinson) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/38.3.344
Shanti R Rao and Potluri M Rao, Raosoft Inc., (2009). http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
Sherwood, P. R., Given, B. A., Doorenbos, A. Z., & Given, C. W. (2004). Forgotten voices: Lessons learned from bereaved caregivers of persons with a brain tumour. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 10, 67-75. Retrieved from www.internurse.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2004.10.2.12460
Sperber, A. D. (2004) Translation and validation of study instruments for cross-cultural research. Gastroenterology, 126 (1), S124– S128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.016
Sousa, V. D. and Rojjanasrirat, W. (2011), Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17: 268–274. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x
Sousa, V. D., Zauszniewski, J. A., Mendes, I. A. C. & Zanetti, M. L. Jones (2005) Cross-cultural equivalence and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the depressive cognition scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 13 (2), 87–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1891/jnum.2005.13.2.87
Thornton, M., & Travis, S.S. (2003). Analysis of the reliability of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index. The Journal of Gerontology, Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(2), p. S127-S132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.2.S127
Travis, S.S., Bernard, M.A., McAuley, W.J., Thornton, M., & Kole, T. (2003). Development of the Family Caregiver Medication Administration Hassles Scale. The Gerontologist, 43(3), 360-368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/43.3.360
Ugur O, Fadıloglu C. (2010). Caregiver Strain Index validity and reliability in Turkish society. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev; 11: 1669-1675.Retrived from: apocpcontrol.com/paper_file/issue_abs/Volume11_No6/c%201669-75%2011.04%20Ozlem%20Ugur.pdf
Van Exel J, Scholte op Reimer W, Brouwer W, et al. (2004).Instruments for assessing the burden of informal caregiving for stroke patients in clinical practice: a comparison of CSI, CRA, SCQ and self-rated burden. Clinical Rehabilitation. 18: 203-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215504cr723oa
Wan He, et al., (2005). 65+ in the United States: 2005, in Current Population Reports, P23-209. 2005, US Census Bureau: Washington, D.C.
WorldAtlas.com (2017). Ethnic Groups Of Malaysia. http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-of-malaysia.html Retrieved June, 2017.
Zarit S.H., Reever K.E., Bach-Peterson J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlated of feelings of burden. Gerontologist, 20, 649-655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/20.6.649
Bibliography
Kelly, D.H., McGinley, J.L., Huxham, F.E., et al. (2012) Health-Related Quality of Life and Strain in Caregivers of Australians with Parkinson’s Disease: An Observational Study. BMC Neurology, 12, 57.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-57 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-12-57
Zavala Rojas, D. & Dorer, B. (2013) “A Mixed Method Approach to Link Translation Deviations and Measurement Quality” Mimeo.
Crystal (1991) defined translation as a process where “the meaning and expression in one language (source) is tuned with the meaning of another (target) whether the
Crystal, D. (1991). The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
CSRC Publishing and JBSEE adhere to Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. The authors submitting and publishing in JBSEE agree to the copyright policy under creative common license 4.0 (Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International). Under this license, the authors published in JBSEE retain the copyright including publishing rights of their scholarly work and agree to let others remix, tweak, and build upon their work non-commercially. All other authors using the content of SBSEE are required to cite author(s) and publisher in their work. CSRC Publishing and JBSEE follow an Open Access Policy for copyright and licensing.