Designing Performance Assessment Instruments for Entrepreneurs in Embroidery Sector in Tasikmalaya, West Java Indonesia
Abstract
This research develops performance assessment instruments based on multiple sources 360-degree feedback and multi-dimensional to measure the performance of SMEs in embroidery sector in Tasikmalaya. The topic of study is relatively new; as it adopts an employee performance appraisal model developed to assess the performance of SMEs.Stakeholder involvement is needed in the process of assessing the performance of SMEs so that the results of the assessment are more objective, such as: Koperindag Service, banking, CSR, supplier, distributor, customer, employee and self-assessment of the entrepreneur. Performance measurement indicators include: financial perspective, productivity, quality, service, innovation, personnel and self-character.The advantages of appraisal performance 360-degree feedback instruments lie on the process of self-assessment, feedback and measurement of personal characteristics of entrepreneurs. The feedback process is given by all assessors as inputs to improve the performance of SMEs as well as to improve the quality of decision making and accountability of owners. Data collection method is done by interview, expert judgment, FGD with stakeholders then drafting the performance appraisal instrument based on multi sources 360-degree feedback.
Based on the distribution of questionnaires to 50 embroidery entrepreneurs and 50 maklon produced as follows: (1) Prepared instruments of performance appraisal of entrepreneurs andmaklun by involving Koperindag, Banking, Distributors, Suppliers, Employees and Consumers.(2) The results of validity and reliability are identified as follows: 9 items for financial perspective, 6 items of productivity perspective, 4 items of quality perspective, 5 service perspective items, 4 innovation perspective items, 4 personnel perspective items and 8 personal perspectives of entrepreneurs /maklun. Thus there are 40 items to measure the performance of entrepreneur / maklun embroidery in Tasikmalaya. (3) One way Anova test results known that the productivity of sig value is 0.000 or smaller than 0.05.It is concluded that there is a difference of productivity perception among businessmen, maklun, employees, cooperatives, banks, distributors, suppliers, employees and customers. (4) The result of kristkalwallis test is known that sig value for all variables is 0.000 or less 0.05. It is concluded that there are differences of perception about financial perception, quality, service, innovation, personnel and personal characteristics of business owner based on the opinion of eight respondent characteristics of entrepreneurs, maklun, employees, cooperatives, banks, distributors, suppliers, employees and customers.
The final result of the research targeted the outcome of the appraisal performance instrument 360-degree feedback for SMEs so that the output as a social engineering in the form of integrated assessment system in the environment of Tasikmalaya embroidery sector. The outcome is as collaboration between human resource management and SMEs that are used as information or reference for Koperindag Service in bridging SME cooperation contract with bank, CSR, investor, training, soft loan, domestic/foreign promotion/exhibition opportunity and market expansion opportunity.
Downloads
Article Analytics Summary
References
Anderson, James C. and _____ (1988), "Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach", Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 103, No. 3: 411-23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
Antonioni, D. (1996). Designing an efective 360-degree appraisal feedback process, Organizational Dynamic, 24-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(96)90023-6
Arbuckle, James L. (1997), Amos users’ guide version 3.6. Chicago, IL: SmallWaters Corporation
Ardic, O.P. Mylenko, N. & Saltane, V. (2011). Small and medium enterprises Across-country analysis with a new data set, The world bank, January. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5538
Bagozzi, R. and Baumgartner (1994), "The evaluation of structural equation models and hypothesis testing", Principles of Marketing Research, R. Bagozzi (ed.), Cambridge, 386-422
Byrne, Barbara M. (1998). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers
Beal, R.M.(2000). “Competing Effectively: Environment Scanning, Competitive Strategy & Organization Performance in Small Manufacturing Firms”. Journal of Small Business Management (January):pp.27-45.
Chin, W. (1998), “Issues and opinions on structural equation modeling”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 7-16
Edward, M.R. & Ewen A.J. (1996). 360-degree Feedback, Amacom, New York.
Fornell, Claes and Larcker, David F. (1981), “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservables and measurement error”, Journal of Marketing Research, Feb., Vol. 18, Iss. 1, 39-50 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Fraenkel,J.& Wallen,N.(1993).How to Design and evaluate research in education.(2nd ed).New York:McGraw-Hill Inc.
Hair, Jr., Joseph F., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, Rolph E. Anderson, and Ronald L. Tatham (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
Hadjimonalis, Anthanasios (2000), An Investigation of Innovation Atendent in Small Firms in the Context of A Small Developing Country , Journal of R&D Management, 30, 3, pp. 235-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00174
Hadjimonalis, Anthanasios., Keith Dickson (2000), Innovation Strategies of SMEs in Cyprus, A Small Developing Country, International Small Business journal. 18,4, pp. 62-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242600184004
Jeaning. Peter., & Graham Beaver (1997) , The Performance and Competitive Advantage of Small Firms : A Management Perspective, International Small Business journal, 15, 2, pp. 63-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242697152004
Jöreskog, Karl and Sörbom, Dag (1996) LISREL8: User’s reference guide. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
Kim, Youngbae., Y. Choi (1994) Strategic Types and Performances of Small Firms in Korea, International Small Business journal, 13, 1, pp. 13-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242694131001
Knight, G.A. (2001). Entrepreneurship and strategy in the international SME, Journal of International Management, 7, pp: 155-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1075-4253(01)00042-4
Kristiyanti, M. (2012). Peran Indikator Kinerja dalam mengukur Kinerja Manajemen, Majalah Ilmiah Informatika, vol.3 No.3 September, pp. 103-123.
Lee, Jangwoo., Danny Miller (1996) Strategy, Environment and Performance in two technological Context : Contingency theory in Korea, Organizations studies, 17/5, pp. 729-750. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069601700502
Luo, Yadong (1999), Environment-Strategy-Performance Relations in Small Business in China : A Case of Township and Village Enterprises in Southern China, Journal of Small Business management. Pp. 37-52.
Mangkunagara, A.P. (2002). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Remaja Rosdakarya, Bandung.
McCharthy, Alma. M, & Garavan N.T. (2001). 360 Feedback Process Performance, Improvement and Employee Career Development, Journal of Eropa Industrial Training, vol 25, No. 01, pp. 5-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590110380614
Miles, P Morgan., Covin G. Jefferey., Heeley B Michael (2000), The Relationship Between Environmental Dynamism and Small Firm structure, strategy, and Performance. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice. Pp. 63-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2000.11501869
Nasution, S.K. ( ). PengukuranKinerja Rumah Sakit dengan Balanced Scorecard, pp; 87-91.
Novandari, W. Sri Murni S, & Siti Zulaikha W. (2011). Analisis Kinerja Produk UKM Batik Banyumas dengan Menggunakan Metode Importance Performance Analusis (IPA) dan Potential Gain of Customer Value’s (PGCV) Index, Jurnal Bisnis dan Ekonomi (JBE), vol 8 no. 2, September, ISSN 1412-3126, pp.104-117.
Nuringsih, Kartika. 2002. Menciptakan Kenggulan Kompetitif Melalui kinerja 360 Derajat Feedback: Strategy dan Tantangan Bagi Perusahaan. Usahawan, No.05 TH XXXI Mei. Pp. 20-27.
Pardosi, J. Tambunan, M.M. & Khalida S. (2013). Pengukuran kinerja dengan menggunakan integrasi 3600 dan AHP pada PT S, e-jurnal Teknik Industri FT USU vol 3 No. 2 Oktober, pp. 1-7.
Pelham, M. Alfred, David T. Wilson (1996), A Longitudinal Study of The Impact of Market Structure, Firm Structure, Strategy, and Market Orientation Culture on Dimentions of Small Firms Performance , Journal of Academy of Marketing Science. 24, 1, pp. 27-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02893935
Puspitasari, N.B, Heru P, & Diana A. (2012). Perancangan sistem pengukuran kinerja dengan metoda performance prism (studi kasus pada PDAM Tirta Moedal Cabang Semarang Tengah, J@TI Undip, vol.vii No. 1 Januari, pp.13-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12777/jati.7.1.13-18
Rachmayati, F. (2011). Performance appraisal Feedback: “Sebuah Pendekatan untuk Menciptakan Competitive Advantage Bagi Organisasi”, pp. 1-11.
Rahadhini, M.D. (2010). Tantangan Menciptakan Keuanggulan Kompetitif dengan Penilaian Kinerja yang Komprehensif, Jurnal Akuntansi dan Sistem Teknologi Informasi vol. 8 No. 1. April, pp. 41-51.
Rita. W. (2004). Penilaian Kinerja dengan Menggunakan Kopsep 360 Derajad Feedback, Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan Vol. 4 N0. 1, April, pp. 86-95.
Rue,L.W, Ibrahim,N.A.(1998). The Relationship between Planning Sophistication and Performance in Small Businesses.Journal of SmallBusiness Management, October 1998, pp.24-32.
Rivai, Vethzal & Basri, (2005). Performance Appraisal: System yang tepat untuk menilai Kinerja Karyawan dan Meningkatkan Daya Saing Perusahaan, PT Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
Robbins, Stephen P, (2006). Perilaku Organisasi, PT Indeks, Kelompok Gramedia, Jakarta.
Rodhiah & Kartika N. (2013), Rancangan Pemetaan UKM: Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Keunggulan Bersaing UKM, Distribusi KUR, Serta Meningkatkan Kinerja UKM di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat, Laporan Penelitian Hibah Dikti Tahap 1.
Rodhiah & Kartika N. (2014), Rancangan Pemetaan UKM: Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Keunggulan Bersaing UKM, Distribusi KUR, Serta Meningkatkan Kinerja UKM di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat, Laporan Penelitian Hibah Dikti Tahap 2.
Suliantoro, H. & Galuh Intan M. (2007). Pengukuran Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja dengan Metode Performance Prism (Studi Kasus di Plaza Hotel Semarang), J@TI Undip. Vol. II. No. 2 Mei, pp.49-64.
Taman, A. (2009). Model Pengukuran Kinerja Perusahaan dengan Metode SMART System (Studi Kasus pada UKM CV. Batara Elektrindo), pp.1-15.
Thampy, A. (2010). Financing of SME firms in Indian Bank: interview with Ranjana Kumar, former CMD, indian bank; vigilance commisioner, central vigilance commission, IIMB Management Review, 22, pp: 93-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2010.04.011
USAID & Nigeria PRISMS Project. (2005). Micro, small and medium enterprise Financial service demand survey Nigeria, Report of research.
Waldman, David, A, Atwater L.E & Antonioni D. (1998). Has 360-degree feedback gone DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1998.650519
amok?, Academy of Management Executive, 12 (2), pp: 86-94.
Walter, Achim, Thilo A. Mueller and Gabriele Helfert (1998), “The impact of satisfaction, trust, and relationship value on commitment: theoritical considerations and empirical results”, Research Report, Germany: University of Karlsruhe
Zuhriah. (2012). Model penciptaan Lapangan Kerja Bagi Masyarakat Miskin Melalui Pendekatan Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal – Local Economic Development Di Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Eksis Vol 8. No. 1. Maret. Hlm: 2066-2079.
CSRC Publishing and JBSEE adhere to Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. The authors submitting and publishing in JBSEE agree to the copyright policy under creative common license 4.0 (Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International). Under this license, the authors published in JBSEE retain the copyright including publishing rights of their scholarly work and agree to let others remix, tweak, and build upon their work non-commercially. All other authors using the content of SBSEE are required to cite author(s) and publisher in their work. CSRC Publishing and JBSEE follow an Open Access Policy for copyright and licensing.
