An Instrument for Measuring National Readiness and Capacity to Participate in Global Knowledge Base Economy
Abstract
An important question often asked is what are the determinants of science, technology and innovation (STI)? Is STI a measurable quantity? How can it be measured in quantitative terms? To answers
these questions, a Science, Technology and Innovation Index (STII)
has been developed for top 100 economies of the world on the basis of GDP, to evaluate, determine and measure the overall scientific, technological and innovative capacity and readiness of a country. The STII relies on four dimensions, each built around two or three pillars, each of which is composed of individual indicators, for a total of 44 STI indicators. The STI index is the average of aggregate of four dimensions. The economies are ranked on the basis of STII values and classified into six groups: i.e. leaders, potential leaders, dynamic adopters, slow adopters, marginalized and laggards. For more meaningful assessment of the STI capacities of nations, it captures the achievement gap of individual countries with the highest achiever. A comprehensive analysis into the strengths and weaknesses in different dimensions of STI capability of eight East - South Asian countries is also provided. The results show that there are significant dispari¬ties between developed and developing nations in STI capacity and its various aspects. STI capacity and achievement gap analysis of individual countries provides useful information for STI policy makers to furnish their STI policies for increasing national capacity, and readiness to participate in the knowledge based economy.
Downloads
Article Analytics Summary
References
Ali, T. M. (2017). Technological Achievements and Economic Development: The Significance of Technological Achievement Gap in Selected East and South Asian Countries. STI Policy Review, 8(1),113-156.
Ali, T. M., Bashir, T., & Kiani, A. K. (2015). Assessment of Technological Capabilities of OIC Countries. Science, Technology and Society, 20(1), 114-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0971721814561394
Ali, T. M., Kiani, A. K., Asrar, M., & Bashir, T. (2014). Technology Achievement Index of Muslim Nations – Ranking and Comparative Study. Science, Technology and Development, 33(2), 49-62.
Archibugi, D., & Coco, A. (2004). A new indicator of technological capabilities for developed and developing countries (ArCO). World Development, 32(4), 629–654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.10.008
Archibugi, D., & Coco, A. (2005). Measuring Technological Capabilities at the Country Level: A Survey and A Menu for Choice. Research Policy, 34, 175 – 194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.12.002
Bashir, T. (2015). Global STI Capacity Index: Comparison and Achievement Gap Analysis of National STI Capacities. STI Policy Review, 6(2), 105-145.
Bessant, J and Venables, T. (2008), Creating Wealth from Knowledge, Edward Elgar: Cheltenham. Chinaprayoon, C. (2007). Science, Technology and Innovation Composite Indicators for Developing DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848441248
Countries. Georgia Institute of Technology.
Commission, E. (2004). European innovation scoreboard 2004: Comparative analysis of innovation performance. Brussels: European Commission.
Desai, M., Fukuda-Parr, S., Johansson, C., & Sagasti, F. (2002). Measuring the technology achievement of nations and capacity to participate in the network age. Journal of Human Development, 3(1), 95–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880120105399
Ertl, H., Bordt, M., Earl, L., Lacorix, A., Lonmo, c., McNiven, C., et al. (2006). Toward understanding Impact of Science and Technology and Innovation activities. Ottawa, Canada: SIEID, Statistics Canada, Blue Sky II Forum.
Gault, F. (2006). Measuring knowledge and its economic effects: the role Official Statistics. In B. K. Foray, & B. K. Foray (Ed.), Advance knowledge and the knowledge economy. Cambridge: the MIT press (forthcoming).
Intarakumnerd, P., & Viotti, E. (2006). ST&I Indicator for Developing Economies: A Preliminary Mapping of Initiatives and Proposal for the Catch-up Project.
Lall, S., & Albaladejo, M. (2003). Indicators of the relative importance of IPRs in developing countries. International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7215/IP_IP_20030601B
Nasir, A., Ali, T. M., Shahdin, S., & Rahman, T. U. (2011). Technology achievement index 2009: ranking and comparative study of nations. Scientometrics, 87(1), 41-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-010-0285-6
Porter, A. L., Roessner, J. D., Newman, N., Jin, X.-Y., & Johnson, D. M. (2006). High tech indicators: Technology-based competitiveness of 33 nations: 2005 Final report. Technology Policy and Assesment Center. Atlanta: Georgia: Georgia Institute Of Technology.
Porter, M., & Stern, S. (. (2003). Ranking national innovative capacity: Findings from the national innovative capacity index,. In Global competitiveness report 2003–2004. N. Y.: Oxford University Press.
Schwab, F., & Sala-i-Martin. (2017). The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR). Newyork: World Economic Forum.
Sener, S., & Sarıdogan, E. (2011). The Effects of Science-Technology-Innovation on Competitiveness and Economic Growth. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 815–828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.127
Tabatabaeean, S. H., Naghizadehb, R., Khaledia, A., & Naghizadeh, M. (2010). Technological Capability Monitoring Index, A New Composite Index for Measuring Technological Capabilities of Nations. The 4th National Conference on Management of Technology.
UIS. (2017, March 7). UNESCO. Retrieved March 7, 2017, from UNESCO Institute of Statistics(UIS): http://data.uis.unesco.org/
UNDP. (2001). Human Development Report-2001. United Nations Development Programme(UNDP), New York, Oxford University Press.
UNDP. (2002). Human Development Report. New York, NY 10017: UNDP.
UNDP. (2015). Human Development Report-2015 (Work for Human Development). New York, NY 10017: UNDP.
UNIDO. (2003). Industrial development report 2002/2003: Competing through innovation and learning.
Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). .
UNIDO. (2004). Industrial development report 2004: Industrialisation, environment and the millennium development goals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).
UNIDO. (2005). Industrial development report 2005: Capability building for catching-up. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).
University, C., INSEAD, & WIPO. (2015). The Global Innovation Index 2015: Effective Innovation Policies for Development. Fontainebleau, Ithaca, and Geneva: Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO.
Wagner, C. S., Horlings, E., & Dutta, A. (2002). Can science and technology capacity be measured? Santa Monica, California: Rand Corporation.
WEF. (2002). The Global Competitiveness Report. World Economic Forum (WEF). Oxford University Press, N.Y.
WEF. (2003). The Global Competitiveness Report. New York, New York 10016: World Economic Forum.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
CSRC Publishing and JAFEE adhere to Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. The authors, submitting and publishing in the Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies published by CSRC Publishing, retain the copyright of their work and give the journal right to publish their work agreeing to the licensing policy under Creative Common Attribution-Non Commercial (NC-BY-NC 4.0) International. Under this license, the published authors let others remix, tweak, and build upon their work non-commercially. Yet all the other authors using the content of CSRC Publishing are required to cite author(s), journal name and publisher in their work. CSRC Publishing and JAFEE follow an Open Access Policy for copyright and licensing.
